Why going back could be difficult.
The essay applies the idea of irreversibility to payment infrastructure. Once a cash network loses the usage needed to sustain it, rebuilding it requires more than a change in individual preference.
“Consider what it would take to rebuild a cash network after the last ATM has gone dark.”From the original essay
Who is affected?
The argument asks how an apparently efficient transition affects people who rely on the older infrastructure. Aggregate adoption can conceal whether the replacement is usable by everyone who needs it.
Read the essay.
This is an authored policy essay, not an original empirical study of payment systems. Its references and full reasoning are available in the original PDF.
I argue that keeping a usable cash option matters for people who cannot rely on digital payments.
What evidence should be required before removing a public fallback?
Should We Fear a Cashless Society? · 2026 · PDF